考研英語閱讀理解B型題試題及答案

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　　考研英語閱讀理解B型題試題及答案1

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　If you flew in an airplane over the continent of Antarctica, you would look down on a great sheet of snow and ice.The snow and ice slopes gently from a central plateau around the South Pole toward the sea.Along the coasts of Antarctica, sharp mountains rise up from the snow.Huge masses of ice called glaciers slide between the mountain ridges toward the sea.At the seas edge, tremendous icebergs break off the glacier and float away.They are often enormous in size.

　　1) Most of the land beneath the snow is a great land mass.A chain of smaller islands is nearby.The islands and the land mass are joined into one continent by a thick blanket of ice.

　　Antarctica has nine-tenths of all the worlds ice.If all this ice melted, the level of the worlds oceans would rise 250 feet.Most cities along the coast would be drowned.In New York Harbor, water would almost cover the Statue of Libertys head.But the ice in Antarctica does not melt.The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places.Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.2)

　　Antarctica does not have much plant life.Only a few simple plants, such as mosses, lichens, and algae, can grow there.3) But along the coasts of the continent there are many birds, fish, and animals.

　　Thousands of whales and millions of seals swim in Antarctic seas.Six kinds of seals are found.The fur seal, the smallest, has long been hunted for its silky fur.The tough-skinned elephant seal is the largest.It can weigh as much as four tons.

　　4)

　　A number of birds live in Antarctica, and fly over the water and ice.5) Each year it migrates between the northernmost islands of the Arctic (the region around the North Pole) and the shores of Antarctica —a distance of about 11,000 miles.

　�。跘］The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places.Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth.The temperature there has been known to drop to more than 100 degrees below zero.

　�。跙］The Arctic tern has been called the long-distance champion of the world.

　�。跜］Most of the worlds whaling takes place in Antarctic waters.The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived.It may weigh as much as 150 tons and be 95 feet long.Smaller whales include the bottlenose, the humpback, the sperm, and the finback.

　�。跠］They cannot fly, but they have flipper-like wings, which make them strong swimmers.

　�。跡］Beneath the snow and ice of Antarctica lies land.Snow piles deeper and deeper on top of the land and hardens into ice.In some places, it is three miles deep.

　�。跢］The climate is so harsh, and food so scarce, that people cannot settle in Antarctica.

　　［G］When the ice sheets pushed down from the north reaching as far south as the river, it does not encounter any mountains and hard rocks.

　　答案及詳解

　　1.E。填寫這段話時，應同時根據上下文來理解，在文章第一段當時曾經出現過“the snow and ice”這個詞，當然這就應該是一個很好的啟發(fā)。第一段中說的是這些雪和冰從南極點向海里運動的過程，那么進入第二段時，我們很自然就會想，當這些雪和冰移到海里之后，他們下面又是什么，第二段的空白接下去的句子就提到了這些(beneath the snow ...)，而這與所要填寫的選項正是相呼應的。

　　2.A。填寫這幾句話時，主要應該從語意和語境上來理解。文章第三段的前部分，描述了南極洲存在著大量的冰，并且那些冰終年不化，于是我們就能自然而然的想到，那兒的溫度也是非常之低的了。

　　3.F。填寫這句話時，也應同時結合上下文來看。前一句說到，南極洲僅有少數的植物生命存在，后一句說的是，在大洲的海岸沿線卻存在許多鳥、魚和動物。這里要引起注意的就是那個轉折詞“But ...”，說明前一句就應該是說有些動物類生命是不適合在那里生存的，即人。

　　4.C。填寫這段話時，應該看到它的前一段，即本文的第五段，說有成千上萬的鯨以及幾百萬之多的海豹在南極游嬉。而接下來的文字，卻僅僅只是描述了海豹的種類及特征，那么很明顯，剩下的文字，就應該比較具體的來描述鯨了。

　　5.B。理解這句話并不難，主要在其中的一個單詞“Arctic tern”，這是“北極燕鷗”，了解了它的意思，這句話也就看懂了。北極燕鷗在世界上被稱為長距離飛行的冠軍。

　　D。這句話的意思是他們不能飛。但是有鰭狀的翅膀，使他們更善于游泳，這顯然是南極洲另外一種動物——企鵝的特征，故不能選，并且它與燕鷗飛行11，000 英里之間遷徙的后文相矛盾。

　　G。這句話說的是那些冰塊從北向南移動，不再會遇到山脈和巖石，這顯然已經超出了文章的范圍，因為這樣的碎冰幾乎已經走出了南極洲，成為人類可利用之水。并且它與在整個文章內容上不能銜接，故不能填。

　　中心思想

　　本文主要介紹了南極洲的自然風光，通過描述巨大的冰川、寒冷的天氣，以及稀有的動植物，向我們較為全面地展示了南極洲的與眾不同。

　　考研英語閱讀理解B型題試題及答案2

　　Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV —if they everget home in time.There are similarities, of course, but the cops dont think much of them.

　　The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law.Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.

　　Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad (穿衣不多的) ladies or in dramatic confrontationswith desperate criminals.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty —or not —of stupid, petty crimes.

　　Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over.i real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks — where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police —little effortis spent on searching.

　　Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do thathe often has to gather a lot of different evidence.So, as well as being overworked, a detective has to beout at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuade them usually against their own best interests, to help him.

　　練習題：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.The first sentence implies that ________.

　　A.the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely different

　　B.the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in time

　　C.the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TV

　　D.the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time

　　2.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law _____.

　　A.so that he can catch criminals in the streets

　　B.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous

　　C.so that he can justify his arrests in court

　　D.because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer

　　3.The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ______.

　　A.exciting and glamorous

　　B.full of danger

　　C.devoted mostly to routine matters

　　D.wasted on unimportant matters

　　4.When murders and terrorist attacks occur,the police______.

　　A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away

　　B.make great efforts to try to track down their man

　　C.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation

　　D.usually fail to produce results

　　5.What’s the best title for the passage?

　　A.Policemen and Detective

　　B.Policemen’s Life-Fun and Fantasy

　　C.The Real Life of a Policeman

　　D.Drama and Reality

　　參考答案

　　1.[C] 推理判斷題。本題考查對第1句的理解。if引出的條件狀語從句前的破折號表明這個假設是相對于之前的看電視來說的，而不是相對于整句話的。該句特意用if作補充說明，暗示了一些附加的信息：真實生活中的警察通常很晚回家，連看電視都趕不上。由此可見,C是正確的理解。A說法過于絕對，與原文的hardly不符。

　　2.[C] 推理判斷題。本題考查內在的因果關系。從第2段第3句可以推斷出答案,A毫無原文依據，原文中也并沒有暗示B和D這兩種因果關系。

　　3.[C] 推理判斷題。本題考查對長句的理解。根據第3段第2句可以推斷出答案。本題最具干擾性的是B，按照常識,警察的工作通常都被認為很危險，但是第3段第1句由Little引出的倒裝句表明了他們很少與亡命之徒交鋒，并非充滿危險，因此B不對;而D將在文中用來修飾people的unimportant拿來修飾“事情”,顯然偷換概念，曲解原文。

　　4.[B] 推理判斷題。本題考查對復合句的理解。答題關鍵在于正確理解第4段最后一句，except引出的句子暗示警方只有在遇到特別嚴重的犯罪時追捕罪犯才會花費很大的氣力，B符合文意。本題最具干擾性的是C,由本句第2個破折號后的內容可知此處主要強調“費不費勁”的問題，而C中的make a quick airest并未突顯出原文的關鍵含義，不如B準確。

　　5.[C] 主旨大意題。本文的重點是說瞀察們的現實生活，全文將這種現實生活與電視里面展現的作比較,是為澄清事實，故C可概括全文主題。

　　考研英語閱讀理解B型題試題及答案3

　　In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned.There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging.Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged.The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute.The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing.No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

　　The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing.They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme.The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us.Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.

　　Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems.And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information."Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

　　1.What is the best title for this passage?

　　[A] Advocating Violence.

　　[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.

　　[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.

　　[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.

　　2.Recorded history has taught us

　　[A] violence never solves anything.

　　[B] nothing.

　　[C] the bloodshed means nothing.

　　[D] everything.

　　3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men

　　[A] cant get a hearing.

　　[B] are looked down upon.

　　[C] are persecuted.

　　[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.

　　4."He was none the wiser" means

　　[A] he was not at all wise in listening.

　　[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.

　　[C] He gains nothing after listening.

　　[D] He makes no sense of the argument.

　　5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is

　　[A] law enforcement.

　　[B] knowledge.

　　[C] nonviolence.

　　[D] Mopping up the violent mess.

　　Vocabulary

　　1.acute嚴重的，劇烈的，敏銳的

　　2.loot v.搶劫，掠奪;n.贓物

　　3.pillage v.搶劫，掠奪

　　4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物;n.碎裂聲

　　when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes.當關鍵時刻來到時。

　　5.war-paint出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料。(美印第安戰(zhàn)士用)

　　6.come to light = become known顯露，為人所知

　　7.sap剝削，使傷元氣，破壞

　　I was sapped by months of hospital treatment.我住院治療幾個月，大傷元氣。

　　8.mop up擦去，對付，處理

　　9.wake船跡，航跡

　　in the wake of sth.= come after隨某事之后到來。

　　難句譯注

　　1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.

　　【結構簡析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.當關鍵時刻來到時。

　　【參考譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人絕望的是，在關鍵時刻，人們意識到我們一點兒也沒有進步/前進。

　　2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.

　　【結構簡析】in the wake of在…之后。

　　【參考譯文】由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子，我們的力量因此削弱了。

　　3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.

　　【結構簡析】none + the +比較級。固定用法，義：not at all一點兒也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治療后，他并沒有因此見好，(一點兒也不見好)。

　　【參考譯文】聽了律師的長篇解釋，法官抱怨說他一無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。

　　4.Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.

　　【參考譯文】知識是智慧的必要的先決條件。結合上下文這里意思是：了解情況是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：知識是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　作者主要以對比的手法寫出了暴力是有些國家用以解決種族差異的公認方法，這是人本性沒有進步的表現，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解決問題的唯一途徑，而這些人遭人輕視、迫害。作者指出如果我們把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除貧民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就業(yè)，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通過對它以法治理是能真正解決種族問題的。盡管這些暴力者采取充耳不聞的態(tài)度。

　　答案詳解

　　1.B暴力難以消除種族偏見。文章一開始就提出有些國家種族偏見嚴重，而暴力卻是公認的一種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為反抗。而雙方的大人物平靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種合法的解決方案。作者就此指出人類的進步只在于表面――衣飾等，人類的本能沒有改變。整個有記錄歷史的文件沒有教會人類任何東西。這是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段論及真正有理智的懂得解決方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人們不停。他們反而收到輕視、迫害。作者就此提出假設，答出真正的解決方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段進一步說明“交流、對話”是了解雙方問題的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假裝要解決的罪惡，是智慧聰明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.雙方重要人物都把暴力作為合法的解決方案。D.人類的本性是嗜暴性。

　　2.B沒有什么。第一段中就明確提出整個人類有記錄歷史又長又臭的暴力文件記錄，一點都沒有教給我們任何東西。A.暴力解決不了任何事情。C.殺戮(流血)沒有任何意義。D.一切。

　　3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困難。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。A.人們不聽。B.遭人輕視。C.遭人迫害。這三項都包含在D項內。

　　4.C聽后無所得。None the wiser一點也不比以前聰明(這是按字面翻譯)。實際就是C項。A.在傾聽別人上他一點也不聰明。B.他和以前一個樣。D.他聽不懂論點。

　　5.A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我們在法律的構架中進行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實現的。第二段第二句，他們遭到迫害是因為他們鼓吹法制這種顯然令人不能容忍的事。B.知識。C.非暴力。D.處理暴力帶來的混亂。

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